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https://ajcn.nutrition.org/article/S0002-9165(24)00009-1/fulltext?s=09
Three electronic indexes (Pubmed, EBSCO, and Scielo) were searched for studies between 1 January, 2003 and 20 December, 2022. Two independent reviewers identified randomized controlled trials involving adults consuming <130 g/d carbohydrate and reporting BMI and LDL cholesterol change or equivalent data. Two investigators extracted relevant data, which were validated by other investigators. Data were analyzed using a random-effects model and contrasted with results of pooled individual participant data.
Results
Forty-one trials with 1379 participants and a mean intervention duration of 19.4 wk were included. In a meta-regression accounting for 51.4% of the observed variability on LCDs, mean baseline BMI had a strong inverse association with LDL cholesterol change [β = –2.5 mg/dL/BMI unit, 95% confidence interval (CI): –3.7, –1.4], whereas saturated fat amount was not significantly associated with LDL cholesterol change. For trials with mean baseline BMI <25, LDL cholesterol increased by 41 mg/dL (95% CI: 19.6, 63.3) on the LCD. By contrast, for trials with a mean of BMI 25–<35, LDL cholesterol did not change, and for trials with a mean BMI ≥35, LDL cholesterol decreased by 7 mg/dL (95% CI: –12.1, –1.3). Using individual participant data, the relationship between BMI and LDL cholesterol change was not observed on higher-carbohydrate diets.
Conclusions
A substantial increase in LDL cholesterol is likely for individuals with low but not high BMI with consumption of an LCD, findings that may help guide individualized nutritional management of cardiovascular disease risk. As carbohydrate restriction tends to improve other lipid and nonlipid risk factors, the clinical significance of isolated LDL cholesterol elevation in this context warrants investigation.
What is the difference between Italian and Russian bees?
Italian and Russian bees are both excellent breeds for beekeeping, although they have a tendency to swarm. Each race of bee is hard-working and can produce large amounts of honey in the right conditions. Italian bees are less aggressive and easier to requeen but are more likely to rob. The Russian breed overwinters well and has good resistance to varroa mites and other pests.
1. Appearance
The Italian bee has yellowish-brown bands on a brown abdomen. The queen is often a darker shade of orange or leathery brown, making it easier for beekeepers to spot her in the hive.
Pure Russian honey bees are typically a black or dark brown shade with pale yellow stripes. But if the hive requeens, she could mate with other drone breeds, which will alter the appearance of the colony.
2. Origin
Researchers believe Italian bees originated from the southern region of Italy. In 1859, Italian honey bees were introduced to America, where they soon replaced German bees. Italian bees are now on every ...
“Whoever controls the food supply controls the people.”
Society can only survive and fully function with a robust and ample food supply & security. All roads lead from that. That’s why supporting farmers and farming is probably the most important campaign in this era. Without food (ideally fresh & local) societies crumble and public health diminishes.
Over the past 40 years, many of our public and essential assets have been sold off or plundered for corporate greed. Land is one of the last remaining asset grab battles. Support our farmers. Our food supply depends on them.
#NoFarmersNoFood
